The unemployment
Unemployment is currently one of the most serious crises among many categories of individuals in the society , which both Arab and international countries face, as a result of the high rates of unemployment recently, which need to develop plans to help study the causes, and then Work on the formulation of solutions that contribute to reduce the proportion; even reach the end of its existence over time. Unemployment is defined as the total number of individuals in the community who are able to do work but have been unable to find work for them. Unemployment is also defined as a term used for a population in the community who have not had any job or job within their area of competence, skills or experience. A set of graphical statistics are used to identify them and know the nature of their lives in order to classify them into non-labor force categories. [1] Other definitions of unemployment are the cessation of an individual's work with his ability to do it, [2] and his attempt to apply many ways and means to search for work , but did not find the appropriate opportunity to obtain it; for many reasons, such as the lack of employment opportunities in society, including unemployment newly Graduation from universities who did not find jobs because of their lack of experience , as well as people who resign from their previous work for any reason and did not find a new job suitable for them.
Causes of unemployment
Unemployment is one of the most important crises that threaten the stability of societies, and there are a number of reasons that lead to its emergence, which differ from one society to another, and most importantly: political, economic and social causes, each of which has negative effects and consequences that affect society. The following are information on these reasons:
Political reasons
The political causes of unemployment are all the influences related to unemployment related to the special policy of a country, the most important of which are: [3] Decreased capacity to support business by international governments. The spread of civil wars and crises in countries. Absence of the impact of political development on the economic and social situation in developing countries.
Economic reasons
Economic causes of unemployment One of the most widespread and influential causes of unemployment , which leads to raise international rates, the most important of these reasons: [4] Increasing the number of employees with few jobs offered, which is an effect of the economic recession in the business sector, especially with the increase in the number of university graduates, and the lack of suitable jobs for them. Resigning from work and looking for a new job is temporary unemployment, which includes everyone who has abandoned his current job in order to find another job, but he needs a long time to get a job, so he is classified in the period of his search as unemployed. The replacement of workers by technological means such as computers , which led to increased economic benefit to companies by reducing the expenses of income for workers, but led to a rise in unemployment. The use of non-community employees, which is linked to the concept of expatriate workers in both the vocational professions, or that need to recruit experts from abroad, which leads to a move away from the hiring of any local staff or workers.
Social causes
The social causes of unemployment are those of a society that is affected by both the political and economic causes of unemployment. [3] High population growth rates with widespread poverty , which is offset by the lack of sufficient jobs or occupations for the labor force. Lack of local community development, which depends on benefiting from the positive effects that the economic sector offers to enterprises. Lack of interest in the development of the education sector, which leads to the absence of adequate education and awareness of the issue of unemployment as an important social issue. Increasing the number of young people who are able to work with despair, because they do not get jobs or careers that help them to get the right income for them. Lack of continuous development of modern project ideas, which help to provide many jobs for able-bodied individuals.
Solutions to reduce unemployment
There are a range of solutions proposed to reduce unemployment in societies: [5] Changing the perception of occupations, which contributes to the reduction of unemployment significantly, as many young people do not want to work in the professions and handicrafts, which leads to the accumulation of these professions, so young people should be encouraged to these types of professions through the holding of courses and seminars Helps them get to know them better. Financing small and entrepreneurial projects that help create a range of jobs for many young people, especially new graduates with academic skills that may meet the specific career requirements of these modern projects. The allocation of financial rewards for volunteer work, which contributes to increase the desire to join volunteer work, and also enhances the idea of volunteer work, which may be converted over time into formal work. Restrictions on the use of expatriate workers that help create jobs available to community members who are able to work. Types of unemployment Unemployment has many types that spread among the groups able to work in society, the most important of these types: [6] Structural unemployment : It is the type of unemployment resulting from the dependence on modern means of business execution, which completely or partially removes workers and employees and replaces them with electronic and computer tools and devices , which exacerbates the spread of unemployment in the industrial and productive sectors. Seasonal unemployment : Unemployment that occurs due to the dependence of some types of work on specific seasons of employment, the sector booms in a certain period of time, and then suffers from a recession in another period, which leads to the spread of unemployment, and examples of this type of unemployment Olives. Frictional unemployment : Unemployment resulting from the movement of individuals between jobs and occupations, both within and outside the country, which leads to the transformation of employees and workers to the unemployed during the period of transition or search for new jobs.
